{"id":49449,"date":"2025-11-17T14:19:43","date_gmt":"2025-11-17T12:19:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/milvus.ro\/amikor-eltunik-a-tamogatas-es-vele-egyutt-a-tuzok-is\/"},"modified":"2025-11-17T14:34:37","modified_gmt":"2025-11-17T12:34:37","slug":"amikor-eltunik-a-tamogatas-es-vele-egyutt-a-tuzok-is","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/milvus.ro\/hu\/amikor-eltunik-a-tamogatas-es-vele-egyutt-a-tuzok-is\/","title":{"rendered":"Amikor elt\u0171nik a t\u00e1mogat\u00e1s \u2013 \u00e9s vele egy\u00fctt a t\u00fazok is"},"content":{"rendered":"

Rom\u00e1ni\u00e1ban a t\u00fazok (<\/strong><\/span>Otis tarda<\/i><\/strong>)<\/strong> a kihal\u00e1s sz\u00e9l\u00e9re jutott<\/strong>. M\u00edg az 1950-es \u00e9vekben m\u00e9g mintegy k\u00e9tezer p\u00e9ld\u00e1ny \u00e9lt az orsz\u00e1gban, ma m\u00e1r csak a Bihar megyei Nagyszalonta<\/strong> k\u00f6rny\u00e9k\u00e9n maradt fenn egy apr\u00f3, \u00e9letk\u00e9pes \u00e1llom\u00e1ny. Ez a popul\u00e1ci\u00f3 is hat\u00e1rmenti, vagyis a madarak a magyar \u00e9s rom\u00e1n oldalt egyar\u00e1nt haszn\u00e1lj\u00e1k \u2013 \u00e9s fennmarad\u00e1suk j\u00f3r\u00e9szt a Kelet-Magyarorsz\u00e1gon meg\u0151rz\u00f6tt, t\u00f6bb mint ezer p\u00e9ld\u00e1nyt sz\u00e1ml\u00e1l\u00f3 \u00e1llom\u00e1nynak, \u00e9s \u00edgy magyarorsz\u00e1gi term\u00e9szetv\u00e9delem siker\u00e9nek k\u00f6sz\u00f6nhet\u0151.<\/span><\/p>

Az elm\u00falt \u00e9vekben a t\u00e9li megfigyel\u00e9sek alapj\u00e1n \u00fagy t\u0171nt, mintha a t\u00fazokok sz\u00e1ma n\u00f6vekedne a t\u00e9rs\u00e9gben, hiszen egyre nagyobb csapatokat l\u00e1ttunk. A val\u00f3s\u00e1g azonban j\u00f3val kev\u00e9sb\u00e9 biztat\u00f3: ezek az adatok nem a k\u00f6lt\u0151, hanem a telel\u0151 madarakr\u00f3l sz\u00f3lnak. A f\u00e9szkel\u0151\u00e1llom\u00e1ny ezzel szemben fogyatkozik<\/strong>, mert k\u00fcl\u00f6nf\u00e9le okok nyom\u00e1n, p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul a mez\u0151gazdas\u00e1gi m\u0171vel\u00e9s \u00e1talakul\u00e1s\u00e1val, a f\u00e9szkel\u0151helyek t\u00f6nkremennek \u00e9s besz\u0171k\u00fclnek.<\/span><\/p>

\"\"<\/a>
T\u00fazokkakasok a lekasz\u00e1lt ter\u00fcleten. Fot\u00f3: Nagy Attila<\/span><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>

A t\u00fazok eredetileg a f\u00fcves puszt\u00e1k madara, de ezek jelent\u0151s r\u00e9sz\u00e9t m\u00e1ra felsz\u00e1ntott\u00e1k. B\u00e1r k\u00e9pes f\u00e9szkelni p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul kal\u00e1szos gabon\u00e1ban vagy lucern\u00e1ban, az intenz\u00edv gazd\u00e1lkod\u00e1s miatt a k\u00f6lt\u00e9sek gyakran meghi\u00fasulnak<\/strong>. A vegyszerez\u00e9s<\/strong>, a korai kasz\u00e1l\u00e1s<\/strong> \u00e9s arat\u00e1s elpuszt\u00edthatja a toj\u00e1sokat \u00e9s a fi\u00f3k\u00e1kat<\/strong>, a szokv\u00e1nyos sz\u00e1nt\u00f3f\u00f6ldi m\u0171vel\u00e9s pedig nem biztos\u00edt elegend\u0151 rovart\u00e1pl\u00e1l\u00e9kot a csib\u00e9knek, holott kiz\u00e1r\u00f3lag rovarokkal t\u00e1pl\u00e1lkoznak. \u00d6nmagukban a nagyt\u00e1bl\u00e1s, homog\u00e9n sz\u00e1nt\u00f3k \u00edgy gyakorlatilag \u00e9lhetetlenek a faj sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra. Ehhez hozz\u00e1ad\u00f3dik, hogy a nagyszalontai – de \u00e1ltal\u00e1ban a rom\u00e1niai gyepek – jelent\u0151s r\u00e9sze er\u0151sen t\u00fallegeltetett. Ez nem csak intenz\u00edvebb zavar\u00e1ssal j\u00e1r, de a r\u00f6vidre ler\u00e1gott gyepen egyr\u00e9szt nem tudnak f\u00e9szkelni a t\u00fazokok, m\u00e1sr\u00e9szt ezeken is szeg\u00e9nyes az el\u00e9rhet\u0151 rovart\u00e1pl\u00e1l\u00e9k.<\/span><\/p>

\"\"<\/a>
Kotl\u00f3 ty\u00fak k\u00f6zel\u00e9ben \u0151rk\u00f6d\u0151 kakas tavasszal. Fot\u00f3: Nagy Attila<\/span><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>

Egy elszalasztott lehet\u0151s\u00e9g<\/h2>

A Milvus Csoport \u00e9vek \u00f3ta dolgozik azon, hogy a t\u00fazokbar\u00e1t gazd\u00e1lkod\u00e1s Rom\u00e1ni\u00e1ban is elterjedjen<\/strong>. 2018-ban<\/strong>, javaslataink alapj\u00e1n, a Mez\u0151gazdas\u00e1gi \u00e9s Vid\u00e9kfejleszt\u00e9si Miniszt\u00e9rium (MADR) elind\u00edtott egy t\u00fazokv\u00e9delmi agr\u00e1rt\u00e1mogat\u00e1si programot<\/strong>, amelynek \u00f6szt\u00f6n\u00f6znie kellett volna a gazd\u00e1kod\u00f3kat, hogy term\u00e9szetk\u00edm\u00e9l\u0151 m\u00f3don m\u0171velj\u00e9k a t\u00fazok\u00e9l\u0151helyeken l\u00e9v\u0151 sz\u00e1nt\u00f3f\u00f6ldjeiket, vagy ak\u00e1r gyepes\u00edts\u00e9k vissza a gyeng\u00e9bb min\u0151s\u00e9g\u0171 ter\u00fcleteiket. B\u00e1r a rendszer t\u00fazokv\u00e9delmi szempontb\u00f3l megfelel\u0151 lett volna, a t\u00e1mogat\u00e1si \u00f6sszegek t\u00fal alacsonyak voltak, emiatt kevesen csatlakoztak. N\u00e9h\u00e1ny \u00e9vvel k\u00e9s\u0151bb a programot megsz\u00fcntett\u00e9k<\/strong> \u2013 \u00e9s ez dr\u00e1mai k\u00f6vetkezm\u00e9nyekkel j\u00e1rt.<\/span><\/p>

Erre j\u00f3 p\u00e9lda annak a <\/strong><\/span>gazd\u00e1nak az esete<\/a><\/strong>, aki mintegy 90 hekt\u00e1rnyi sz\u00e1nt\u00f3t vont be a t\u00fazokv\u00e9delmi gyeptelep\u00edt\u00e9si programba<\/strong>. A kezdetben gyomos, illetve vegyszermentes ter\u00fcletet hamar ben\u00e9pes\u00edtett\u00e9k a t\u00fazokok: d\u00fcrg\u00e9st s\u0151t n\u00e9h\u00e1ny f\u00e9szkel\u00e9st is megfigyelt\u00fcnk, \u00e9s t\u00f6bb \u00e9vben is megjelent a ter\u00fcleten egy-egy \u201e\u00f3voda\u201d, azaz fi\u00f3k\u00e1ikat vezet\u0151 ty\u00fakok kisebb csoportjai. A gazda nem permetezett<\/strong> \u00e9s nem kasz\u00e1lt a k\u00f6lt\u00e9si id\u0151szakban<\/strong>, \u00edgy a ter\u00fclet val\u00f3s\u00e1gos mened\u00e9kk\u00e9 v\u00e1lt a t\u00fazokok sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra<\/strong>.<\/span><\/p>

\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n\n
\"\"<\/a><\/figure>
Magvet\u00e9ses gyeptelep\u00edt\u00e9s 2019 febru\u00e1rj\u00e1ban \u00e9s pion\u00edr n\u00f6v\u00e9nyt\u00e1rsul\u00e1s a vetett gyepen. Fot\u00f3: Nagy Attila<\/span><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>

Azonban ez a fajta t\u00e1mogat\u00e1si rendszer 2022-ben megsz\u0171nt, \u00edgy id\u00e9n a gazd\u00e1lkod\u00f3 \u2013 gazdas\u00e1gi k\u00e9nyszerb\u0151l \u2013 ism\u00e9t felsz\u00e1ntotta a gyepet, \u00e9s \u0151szi gabon\u00e1val vetette be a f\u00f6ldet. A kor\u00e1bban vir\u00e1gz\u00f3 \u00e9l\u0151hely ezzel gyakorlatilag megsz\u0171nt. Egyetlen d\u00f6nt\u00e9s nyom\u00e1n kiesett Rom\u00e1nia tal\u00e1n legjobban m\u0171k\u00f6d\u0151 t\u00fazokf\u00e9szkel\u0151-ter\u00fclete. \n<\/p>

\"\"<\/a>
A t\u00e9rk\u00e9pen a t\u00e1mogat\u00e1sba bevont ter\u00fclet illetve a k\u00f6rny\u00e9k t\u00fazokmegfigyel\u00e9sei l\u00e1that\u00f3ak: a nagyszalontai adatok (s\u00e1rg\u00e1val a ter\u00fclet t\u00e1mogat\u00e1sba val\u00f3 bevon\u00e1sa el\u0151tti peri\u00f3dusb\u00f3l, pirossal pedig azt k\u00f6vet\u0151en) illetve a magyarorsz\u00e1gi megfigyel\u00e9sek (z\u00f6lddel)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>

Mi a tanuls\u00e1g?<\/h2>

Ez az eset vil\u00e1gosan mutatja, hogy az ilyen jelleg\u0171 term\u00e9szetv\u00e9delmi ind\u00edttat\u00e1s\u00fa programok csak addig m\u0171k\u00f6dnek, am\u00edg folyamatos t\u00e1mogat\u00e1s \u00e9s \u00f6szt\u00f6nz\u00e9s \u00e1ll m\u00f6g\u00f6tt\u00fck.<\/strong> A t\u00fazokbar\u00e1t gazd\u00e1lkod\u00e1s nemcsak a faj megment\u00e9s\u00e9t, hanem a t\u00e1j \u00f6kol\u00f3giai sokf\u00e9les\u00e9g\u00e9t is szolg\u00e1ln\u00e1, de mindez nem v\u00e1rhat\u00f3 el csup\u00e1n a termel\u0151kt\u0151l, \u00f6szt\u00f6nz\u0151 gazdas\u00e1gi h\u00e1tt\u00e9r n\u00e9lk\u00fcl.<\/span> \n \nAmennyiben Rom\u00e1nia nem ford\u00edtja meg az utols\u00f3 t\u00fazok k\u00f6lt\u0151helyek degrad\u00e1l\u00e1s\u00e1nak folyamat\u00e1t<\/strong>, p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul nem vezet \u00fajra be egy megfelel\u0151 m\u00f3don m\u0171k\u00f6d\u0151 t\u00fazokv\u00e9delmi agr\u00e1rt\u00e1mogat\u00e1si rendszert, k\u00f6vetve a bizony\u00edtottan sikeres magyar vagy osztr\u00e1k modellek p\u00e9ld\u00e1j\u00e1t, az orsz\u00e1gb\u00f3l a t\u00fazok, mint k\u00f6lt\u0151faj, hamarosan kipusztulhat.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>

\u00a0<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Rom\u00e1ni\u00e1ban a t\u00fazok (Otis tarda) a kihal\u00e1s sz\u00e9l\u00e9re jutott. M\u00edg az 1950-es \u00e9vekben m\u00e9g mintegy k\u00e9tezer p\u00e9ld\u00e1ny \u00e9lt az orsz\u00e1gban, ma m\u00e1r csak a Bihar megyei Nagyszalonta k\u00f6rny\u00e9k\u00e9n maradt fenn egy apr\u00f3, \u00e9letk\u00e9pes \u00e1llom\u00e1ny. Ez a popul\u00e1ci\u00f3 is hat\u00e1rmenti, vagyis a madarak a magyar \u00e9s rom\u00e1n oldalt egyar\u00e1nt haszn\u00e1lj\u00e1k \u2013 \u00e9s fennmarad\u00e1suk j\u00f3r\u00e9szt a Kelet-Magyarorsz\u00e1gon 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