{"id":36843,"date":"2022-09-16T17:14:52","date_gmt":"2022-09-16T14:14:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/milvus.ro\/?p=36843"},"modified":"2022-09-16T17:20:41","modified_gmt":"2022-09-16T14:20:41","slug":"nilusi-lud-koltese-romaniaban","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/milvus.ro\/hu\/nilusi-lud-koltese-romaniaban\/","title":{"rendered":"N\u00edlusi l\u00fad k\u00f6lt\u00e9se Rom\u00e1ni\u00e1ban"},"content":{"rendered":"

A n\u00edlusi l\u00fad (Alopochen aegyptiaca<\/em>) az afrikai kontinensen sz\u00e9les k\u00f6rben elterjedt faj, mely els\u0151sorban a szubtr\u00f3pusi \u00e9s tr\u00f3pusi r\u00e9gi\u00f3kat n\u00e9pes\u00edti be. Kor\u00e1bbi elterjed\u00e9si ter\u00fclete mag\u00e1ba foglalta a N\u00edlus v\u00f6lgy\u00e9t, a Mediterr\u00e1n-t\u00e9rs\u00e9g keleti r\u00e9sz\u00e9t \u00e9s egyes forr\u00e1sok szerint D\u00e9lkelet-Eur\u00f3p\u00e1t is. A 17. sz\u00e1zadban, mint d\u00edszmadat telep\u00edtett\u00e9k be Angli\u00e1ba, ahol el\u00e9g hamar \u00f6nfenntart\u00f3 \u00e1llom\u00e1nyt alak\u00edtott ki, majd k\u00e9s\u0151bb, innen terjedt sz\u00e9t Nyugat-Eur\u00f3pa sz\u00e1mos r\u00e9sz\u00e9re. Nagy-Britanni\u00e1n k\u00edv\u00fcli, els\u0151 eur\u00f3pai k\u00f6lt\u00e9s\u00e9t 1967-ben jegyezt\u00e9k fel Hollandi\u00e1ban. Ezt k\u00f6vet\u0151en a faj rohamos terjeszked\u00e9sbe kezdett \u00e9s kontinens\u00fcnk eg\u00e9sz nyugati \u00e9s d\u00e9lnyigati fel\u00e9t ben\u00e9pes\u00edtette, kelet fel\u00e9 Lengyelorsz\u00e1gig \u00e9s Csehorsz\u00e1gig is eljutva.<\/p>

Rom\u00e1ni\u00e1b\u00f3l a faj els\u0151 jelz\u00e9se Somova (Tulcea megye) mell\u0151l sz\u00e1rmazik, ahol 1990. szeptember 21-\u00e9n egy furcsa kin\u00e9zet\u0171, hat egyedet sz\u00e1ml\u00e1l\u00f3 libacsapatb\u00f3l l\u0151ttek ki egy p\u00e9ld\u00e1nyt. A leter\u00edtett p\u00e9ld\u00e1ny egy n\u00edlusi l\u00fadnak bizonyult, mely egy sz\u00e1szr\u00e9geni iskola \u00e1llatt\u00e1r\u00e1nak gy\u0171jtem\u00e9ny\u00e9be ker\u00fclt.<\/p>

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A faj els\u0151, hazai bizony\u00edt\u00f3p\u00e9ld\u00e1ny\u00e1nak prepar\u00e1tuma<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>

B\u00e1r Nyugat-Eur\u00f3p\u00e1ban igen nagy sz\u00e1mban tartj\u00e1k parkokban \u00e9s sokfele az elvadult \u00e1llom\u00e1nyai is sz\u00e1mottev\u0151ek, a faj \u00fajabb hazai felbukann\u00e1s\u00e1ra k\u00f6zel h\u00fasz \u00e9vet kellett v\u00e1rni. A 2000-es \u00e9vek m\u00e1sodik fel\u00e9ben m\u00e1r n\u00e1lunk is k\u00f6zkedvelt d\u00edszmad\u00e1rr\u00e1 v\u00e1lt \u00e9s elkezdt\u00e9k \u00fagy mag\u00e1ngy\u0171jtem\u00e9nyekben, mint nagyobb v\u00e1rosok parkjaiban is tartani. Ezt k\u00f6vet\u0151en, a fajra vonatkoz\u00f3 megfigyel\u00e9sek jelent\u0151sen megszaporodtak, \u00e9s rendszeresek lettek. Ezek nagyr\u00e9sze f\u0151leg Erd\u00e9lyre \u00e9s Bukarest t\u00e9rs\u00e9g\u00e9re korl\u00e1toz\u00f3dik, de m\u00e1ra m\u00e1r szinte minden orsz\u00e1gr\u00e9szb\u0151l vannak megfigyel\u00e9si adataink.<\/p>

A faj els\u0151, bizony\u00edtott rom\u00e1niai k\u00f6lt\u00e9s\u00e9t 2022-ben regisztr\u00e1ltuk a Maroscsap\u00f3 melletti halastavakn\u00e1l (Maros megye). <\/strong>Ezt megel\u0151z\u0151en, el\u0151sz\u00f6r 2009 szeptember 13-\u00e1n \u00e9szlelt\u00e9k. Ez az egyed okt\u00f3ber 11-ig tart\u00f3zkodott a ter\u00fcleten. Ezut\u00e1n sok \u00e9v telt el m\u00edg \u00fajra megjelent, azonban 2019-t\u0151l rendszeresen, minden kisz\u00e1ll\u00e1s alkalm\u00e1val meg lehetett figyelni mag\u00e1nyos vagy p\u00e1rban mozg\u00f3 madarat a halast\u00f3 ter\u00fclet\u00e9n. 2022 szeptember 10-\u00e9n h\u00e9t, any\u00e1nyi m\u00e9ret\u0171, de m\u00e9g r\u00f6pk\u00e9ptelen fi\u00f3k\u00e1t vezet\u0151 \u00f6reg toj\u00f3t \u00e9szlelt\u00fcnk egyik t\u00f3egys\u00e9gen. Mikl\u00f3s Andr\u00e1s, a halgazdas\u00e1g \u0151re elmondta, hogy a madarakat m\u00e1r ez \u00e9v j\u00falius 29-\u00e9n megfigyelte, mikor m\u00e9g a p\u00e1r egy\u00fctt volt \u00e9s t\u00edz apr\u00f3, frissen kelt fi\u00f3k\u00e1t vezettek.<\/p>

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Fiatal n\u00edlusi ludak a maroscsap\u00f3i halastavon<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>

B\u00e1r ezzel az adattal, a n\u00edlusi l\u00fad els\u0151 k\u00f6lt\u00e9se hiteles bizony\u00edt\u00e1st nyert Rom\u00e1ni\u00e1ban, azonban ez egy faunisztikai \u00e9rdekess\u00e9gn\u00e9l nem jelent t\u00f6bbet, hiszen ilyen nem \u0151shonos, invaz\u00edv faj megteleped\u00e9se \u00e9s terjeszked\u00e9se nem k\u00edv\u00e1natos. B\u00edzunk benne, hogy jelen esetben csak egy alkalmi, elszigetelt k\u00f6lt\u00e9sr\u0151l van sz\u00f3. A faj j\u00f3l ismert alkalmazkod\u00f3k\u00e9szs\u00e9ge \u00e9s agressz\u00edv viselked\u00e9se kihat\u00e1ssal lehet sz\u00e1mos hazai, \u0151shonos v\u00edzimad\u00e1rfajra, hiszen domin\u00e1ns viselked\u00e9s\u00e9vel kiszor\u00edtja ezeket a k\u00f6lt\u0151helyeikr\u0151l, zavarja \u0151ket a k\u00f6lt\u00e9sben \u00e9s nem utols\u00f3sorban a t\u00e1pl\u00e1l\u00e9kforr\u00e1sok kiakn\u00e1z\u00e1s\u00e1ban is verseng vel\u00fck.<\/p>

\"\"<\/a>
Az \u00f6sszes n\u00edlusi l\u00fad megfigyel\u00e9s az OpenBirdMap adatb\u00e1zis\u00e1b\u00f3l 2012-2022 k\u00f6z\u00f6tt<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"A n\u00edlusi l\u00fad (Alopochen aegyptiaca) az afrikai kontinensen sz\u00e9les k\u00f6rben elterjedt faj, mely els\u0151sorban a szubtr\u00f3pusi \u00e9s tr\u00f3pusi r\u00e9gi\u00f3kat n\u00e9pes\u00edti be. Kor\u00e1bbi elterjed\u00e9si ter\u00fclete mag\u00e1ba foglalta a N\u00edlus v\u00f6lgy\u00e9t, a Mediterr\u00e1n-t\u00e9rs\u00e9g keleti r\u00e9sz\u00e9t \u00e9s egyes forr\u00e1sok szerint D\u00e9lkelet-Eur\u00f3p\u00e1t is. A 17. sz\u00e1zadban, mint d\u00edszmadat telep\u00edtett\u00e9k be Angli\u00e1ba, ahol el\u00e9g hamar \u00f6nfenntart\u00f3 \u00e1llom\u00e1nyt alak\u00edtott ki, majd 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