{"id":33644,"date":"2022-02-21T13:10:35","date_gmt":"2022-02-21T11:10:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/milvus.ro\/?p=33644"},"modified":"2022-02-21T13:24:07","modified_gmt":"2022-02-21T11:24:07","slug":"gameon-a-havazasra-nem-csak-nekunk-a-termeszetnek-is-szuksege-van","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/milvus.ro\/hu\/gameon-a-havazasra-nem-csak-nekunk-a-termeszetnek-is-szuksege-van\/","title":{"rendered":"A havaz\u00e1sra nem csak nek\u00fcnk, a term\u00e9szetnek is sz\u00fcks\u00e9ge van"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"\"<\/a><\/figure>

Id\u00e9n janu\u00e1r v\u00e9g\u00e9ig kellett v\u00e1rnunk az els\u0151 tart\u00f3s havaz\u00e1sra. Sz\u00e1munkra szinte m\u00e1r elk\u00e9pzelhetetlen az a t\u00e9ny is, hogy sz\u00fcleink idej\u00e9ben m\u00e9g a december elej\u00e9n lehullt m\u00e9teres h\u00f3 eg\u00e9sz tavaszig tartott. Hab\u00e1r \u00f6r\u00fclhetn\u00e9nk annak, hogy kevesebbet kell lap\u00e1tolnunk, az egyre v\u00e9konyabb \u00e9s r\u00f6videbb ideig tart\u00f3 h\u00f3takar\u00f3 nem csak a s\u00edel\u0151knek okoz fejf\u00e1j\u00e1st. Ezek a v\u00e1ltoz\u00e1sok hat\u00e1ssal vannak t\u00f6bbek k\u00f6zt a talaj v\u00edzk\u00e9szlet\u00e9re, a n\u00f6v\u00e9ny- \u00e9s \u00e1llatvil\u00e1gra, a mez\u0151gazdas\u00e1gra, a turizmusra \u00e9s az energiatermel\u00e9sre is.<\/p><\/div><\/div>

Az egyre kor\u00e1bbra tol\u00f3dott tavaszi olvad\u00e1s miatt, a h\u00f3szezon id\u0151tartama Nyugat-, \u00c9szak- \u00e9s Kelet-Eur\u00f3p\u00e1ban 1972 \u00f3ta huszon\u00f6t nappal cs\u00f6kkent. Egy \u00e1tfog\u00f3 elemz\u00e9s szerint az \u00e9szaki f\u00e9ltek\u00e9n a h\u00f3takar\u00f3 kiterjed\u00e9se 1980 \u00f3ta jelent\u0151sen cs\u00f6kkent a tavaszi olvad\u00e1si id\u0151szakban (m\u00e1rciust\u00f3l j\u00faniusig). (A t\u00f6bbi \u00e9vszakban a h\u00f3takar\u00f3 kiterjed\u00e9se v\u00e1ltozatlan maradt, vagy kism\u00e9rt\u00e9kben meg is n\u0151tt). Ezt a cs\u00f6kken\u00e9st az olvad\u00e1s kor\u00e1bbi kezdete \u00e9s a h\u00f3szezon r\u00f6videbb id\u0151tartama okozza. Rom\u00e1ni\u00e1ban p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul, a pesszimista forgat\u00f3k\u00f6nyv szerint e sz\u00e1zad v\u00e9g\u00e9re a havas napok sz\u00e1ma k\u00f6r\u00fclbel\u00fcl 30-ra cs\u00f6kken, a \u201860-\u201970-es \u00e9vek 80 napj\u00e1val szemben<\/a>.  <\/p>

A h\u00f3, magas albed\u00f3j\u00e1nak k\u00f6sz\u00f6nhet\u0151en, visszaveri a Napb\u00f3l \u00e9rkez\u0151 energi\u00e1t. Ezzel tulajdonk\u00e9ppen h\u0151m\u00e9rs\u00e9klet szab\u00e1lyoz\u00f3 szerepe is van, s ez\u00e9rt befoly\u00e1solja az \u00e9ghajlatv\u00e1ltoz\u00e1st is. H\u00f3takar\u00f3 hi\u00e1ny\u00e1ban a barna sz\u00edn\u0171 talaj elnyeli ezeket a sugarakat, amelyek felmeleg\u00edtik azt, ezzel is er\u0151s\u00edtve a kl\u00edmav\u00e1ltoz\u00e1s folyamat\u00e1t. \u00cdgy a h\u00f3bor\u00edtotta ter\u00fcletek cs\u00f6kken\u00e9s\u00e9vel, egyre kevesebb ideig \u00e9s egyre kisebb ter\u00fcleten tudja a h\u00f3 ezt az igen fontos szab\u00e1lyoz\u00f3 szerep\u00e9t fenntartani a F\u00f6ld h\u0151h\u00e1ztart\u00e1s\u00e1ban.<\/a><\/p>

A term\u00e9szetben a vastag h\u00f3r\u00e9teg szigetel\u0151 takar\u00f3k\u00e9nt is m\u0171k\u00f6dik. Amikor ez nincs, a talajt k\u00f6zvetlen\u00fcl \u00e9rik az id\u0151j\u00e1r\u00e1s viszontags\u00e1gai \u00e9s ez kedvez\u0151tlen\u00fcl hat a n\u00f6v\u00e9nyekre. Egy kutat\u00e1s eredm\u00e9nyei azt bizony\u00edtj\u00e1k, hogy egyes hegyvid\u00e9ki n\u00f6v\u00e9nyekn\u00e9l a h\u00f3takar\u00f3 kor\u00e1bbi olvad\u00e1sa, \u00e9s az \u00e9jszakai magasabb h\u0151m\u00e9rs\u00e9klet kor\u00e1bbi r\u00fcgyfakad\u00e1st, vir\u00e1gz\u00e1st \u00e9s kiz\u00f6ld\u00fcl\u00e9st eredm\u00e9nyez. Ez az\u00e9rt okozhat probl\u00e9m\u00e1t, mert a k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151 beporz\u00f3 szervezetek nem biztos, hogy hasonl\u00f3an reag\u00e1lnak az \u00e9ghajlati v\u00e1ltoz\u00e1sokra \u00e9s a vir\u00e1gz\u00e1s-beporz\u00e1s \u00f6sszehangolt rendszere eltol\u00f3dhat egym\u00e1st\u00f3l<\/a>. A kl\u00edmav\u00e1ltoz\u00e1s eme aggaszt\u00f3 probl\u00e9m\u00e1j\u00e1ra rengeteg kutat\u00e1s h\u00edvja fel m\u00e1r a figyelmet. Hi\u00e1ba vannak beporz\u00f3ink \u00e9s gy\u00f6ny\u00f6r\u0171 vir\u00e1gaink, ha nem egy id\u0151ben akt\u00edvak, akkor a vir\u00e1gok beporozatlanul, m\u00edg a rovarok t\u00e1pl\u00e1l\u00e9k n\u00e9lk\u00fcl maradnak.<\/p>

\"\"<\/a><\/figure>

A h\u00f3takar\u00f3 kiterjed\u00e9se \u00e9s id\u0151tartama mellett, a t\u00f6mege is meghat\u00e1roz\u00f3 t\u00e9nyez\u0151, hisz a szezon\u00e1lis h\u00f3 fontos szerepet t\u00f6lt be a talaj v\u00edzk\u00e9szlet\u00e9nek megtart\u00e1s\u00e1ban. Mindemellett pedig az olvad\u00e9kv\u00edz ak\u00e1r 60\u201370%-ban is hozz\u00e1j\u00e1rulhat az \u00e9ves foly\u00f3hozamokho<\/a>z. A kor\u00e1bban elolvad\u00f3 \u00e9s v\u00e9konyabb h\u00f3takar\u00f3 befoly\u00e1solja a patakok \u00e9s a talajv\u00edz dinamik\u00e1j\u00e1t, s ez egyre kisz\u00e1m\u00edthatatlanabb v\u00edzut\u00e1np\u00f3tl\u00e1st okozhat a v\u00edzer\u0151m\u0171vek m\u0171k\u00f6d\u00e9s\u00e9ben<\/a>. \u00cdgy az egyre kevesebb h\u00f3 er\u0151sebb ny\u00e1ri talajsz\u00e1razs\u00e1got okoz<\/a>, ami erd\u0151k eset\u00e9ben a t\u00fczek gyakoris\u00e1g\u00e1t<\/a> is n\u00f6veli. <\/p><\/div><\/div>

A havaz\u00e1s helyett es\u0151 form\u00e1j\u00e1ban lehull\u00f3, gyorsan lefoly\u00f3 csapad\u00e9k pedig n\u00f6veli a talajer\u00f3zi\u00f3t is. \u00cdgy bizonyos, hogy a t\u00e9l \u00e1talakul\u00e1sa miatt az elk\u00f6vetkez\u0151 nyarakon egyre<\/a> komolyabb asz\u00e1lyokkal kell majd megk\u00fczden\u00fcnk.<\/a><\/p>

Az eur\u00f3pai hegyvid\u00e9keket k\u00fcl\u00f6n\u00f6sen negat\u00edvan \u00e9rinti a kl\u00edmav\u00e1ltoz\u00e1s<\/a>. A h\u00f3t\u00f6meg jelent\u0151s cs\u00f6kken\u00e9s\u00e9r\u0151l sz\u00e1moltak be, az Alpokb\u00f3l<\/a>, a Pireneusokb\u00f3l<\/a>, a Balk\u00e1n-hegys\u00e9gb\u0151l<\/a> de a rom\u00e1niai K\u00e1rp\u00e1tokban is egyre sz\u00e1razabb \u00e9s melegebb t\u00e9li id\u0151j\u00e1r\u00e1sra sz\u00e1m\u00edthatunk a j\u00f6v\u0151ben<\/a>. A folyamat pedig igen nagy probl\u00e9m\u00e1kat fog okozni, mivel sz\u00e1mos v\u00edzgy\u0171jt\u0151 medence jelent\u0151sen t\u00e1maszkodik a hegyvid\u00e9ki r\u00e9gi\u00f3ira, ahol a v\u00edz h\u00f3 \u00e9s j\u00e9g form\u00e1j\u00e1ban t\u00e1rol\u00f3dik<\/a>. Rom\u00e1ni\u00e1ban melegebb\u00e9 v\u00e1l\u00f3 \u00e9ghajlat k\u00f6zvetlen\u00fcl is \u00e9rinti\u00a0 a t\u00e9li turizmust, hisz minden s\u00edter\u00fclet 2600 m\u00e9ter alatt van. Ezeken a s\u00edp\u00e1ly\u00e1kon mesters\u00e9ges h\u00f3-el\u0151\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1ssal pr\u00f3b\u00e1lj\u00e1k kezelni a helyzetet. A mesters\u00e9ges h\u00f3t\u00f3l val\u00f3 f\u00fcgg\u00e9s pedig a fenntart\u00e1si k\u00f6lts\u00e9geket emeli meg t\u00fals\u00e1gosan, nem besz\u00e9lve hatalmas \u00f6kol\u00f3giai hat\u00e1s\u00e1r\u00f3l. Egy \u00e1gy\u00fa percenk\u00e9nt 400 liter vizet is k\u00f6nnyed\u00e9n elhaszn\u00e1lhat. Ezt pedig a k\u00f6rnyez\u0151 tavakb\u00f3l, foly\u00f3kb\u00f3l vagy c\u00e9lnak kialak\u00edtott mesters\u00e9ges tavakb\u00f3l kell szivatty\u00fazni, ami tov\u00e1bb cs\u00f6kkenti a t\u00e9rs\u00e9g v\u00edzk\u00e9szlet\u00e9t, fokozza a veget\u00e1ci\u00f3s id\u0151szakban a sz\u00e1razs\u00e1got<\/a>.<\/p>

\"\"<\/a><\/figure>

Rom\u00e1ni\u00e1ban a turisztikai fejleszt\u00e9seket egy fenntarthat\u00f3 strat\u00e9gi\u00e1ra alapozva kellene megtervezni, v\u00e1laszolva a k\u00f6rnyezeti fenyeget\u00e9sekre. Olyan turisztikai tev\u00e9kenys\u00e9geket kell el\u0151nyben r\u00e9szes\u00edteni, amelyek hossz\u00fat\u00e1von fenntarthat\u00f3ak. A tervez\u00e9sn\u00e9l figyelembe kell venni a k\u00f6rnyezeti adotts\u00e1gokat \u00e9s az elker\u00fclhetetlen felmeleged\u00e9s k\u00f6vetkezm\u00e9nyeit. A h\u00f3ra alapul\u00f3 beruh\u00e1z\u00e1sokat olyan helyeken \u00e9s \u00fagy kell megval\u00f3s\u00edtani, hogy\u00a0 alkalmazkodjanak a kl\u00edmav\u00e1ltoz\u00e1shoz \u00e9s ne feler\u0151s\u00edts\u00e9k annak hat\u00e1sait. <\/p><\/div><\/div>

Azokban a t\u00e9rs\u00e9gekben, ahol a r\u00f6vidt\u00e1v\u00fa modellek is azt mutatj\u00e1k, hogy tov\u00e1bb fog cs\u00f6kkenni a havas napok sz\u00e1ma, nem \u00e9rdemes s\u00edp\u00e1ly\u00e1kat \u00e9p\u00edteni, hanem m\u00e1s ir\u00e1ny\u00fa turisztikai fejleszt\u00e9sekben \u00e9rdemes gondolkodni. A kl\u00edmav\u00e1ltoz\u00e1s elleni hossz\u00fat\u00e1v\u00fa v\u00e9delem tart\u00f3s el\u0151ny\u00f6kkel j\u00e1r mind a helyi k\u00f6z\u00f6ss\u00e9gek, mind a term\u00e9szeti er\u0151forr\u00e1sok tekintet\u00e9ben.<\/p>

Mindemellett fontos az is, hogy a turist\u00e1kat hat\u00e9konyabban tudatos\u00edtsuk az \u00e9ghajlatv\u00e1ltoz\u00e1s hat\u00e1sair\u00f3l \u00e9s \u00f6szt\u00f6n\u00f6zz\u00fck rekre\u00e1ci\u00f3s szok\u00e1saik fenntarthat\u00f3bb\u00e1 alak\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1ra<\/a>.<\/p>

Egyre jobban meg kell becs\u00fcln\u00fcnk ha t\u00e9len havazik, lap\u00e1toljunk j\u00f3 kedvvel. Szerezz\u00fcnk j\u00f3 \u00e9lm\u00e9nyeket term\u00e9szetes h\u00f3ban, becs\u00fclj\u00fck meg a t\u00e9li term\u00e9szetet is. Hisz ilyenkor is v\u00e9gzi a dolg\u00e1t, fenntartja a F\u00f6ld \u00f6kosziszt\u00e9m\u00e1j\u00e1nak \u00e9rz\u00e9keny rendszer\u00e9t.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Id\u00e9n janu\u00e1r v\u00e9g\u00e9ig kellett v\u00e1rnunk az els\u0151 tart\u00f3s havaz\u00e1sra. Sz\u00e1munkra szinte m\u00e1r elk\u00e9pzelhetetlen az a t\u00e9ny is, hogy sz\u00fcleink idej\u00e9ben m\u00e9g a december elej\u00e9n lehullt m\u00e9teres h\u00f3 eg\u00e9sz tavaszig tartott. Hab\u00e1r \u00f6r\u00fclhetn\u00e9nk annak, hogy kevesebbet kell lap\u00e1tolnunk, az egyre v\u00e9konyabb \u00e9s r\u00f6videbb ideig tart\u00f3 h\u00f3takar\u00f3 nem csak a s\u00edel\u0151knek okoz fejf\u00e1j\u00e1st. Ezek a v\u00e1ltoz\u00e1sok hat\u00e1ssal 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