A korallok olyan tengeri \u00e1llatok, melyek k\u00e1lciumot kiv\u00e1lasztva egy terjedelmes szil\u00e1rd v\u00e1zat hoznak l\u00e9tre. Tulajdonk\u00e9ppen ez alkotja a korallz\u00e1tonyok alapj\u00e1t. Ennek a kialakul\u00e1s\u00e1hoz elengedhetetlen a korallok \u00e9s a sejtjeikben \u00e9l\u0151 egysejt\u0171 alg\u00e1k egy\u00fcttm\u0171k\u00f6d\u00e9se, amit szimbi\u00f3zisnak nevez\u00fcnk. Ugyanis ezek az alg\u00e1k a fotoszint\u00e9zis sor\u00e1n a Napb\u00f3l sz\u00e1rmaz\u00f3 energia felhaszn\u00e1l\u00e1s\u00e1val szerves anyagot k\u00e9sz\u00edtenek, \u00e9s ezeknek az \u00e1ltaluk termelt t\u00e1panyagoknak egy r\u00e9sz\u00e9t b\u00e9rleti d\u00edjk\u00e9nt megosztj\u00e1k korall gazd\u00e1ikkal.<\/p> A korallz\u00e1tonyok \u00f6kol\u00f3giai, gazdas\u00e1gi \u00e9s eszt\u00e9tikai \u00e9rt\u00e9ke sz\u00e1mottev\u0151. \u00c9l\u0151vil\u00e1guk rendk\u00edv\u00fcl gazdag, megannyi halfaj \u00e9s m\u00e1s tengeri \u00e9l\u0151l\u00e9ny sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra ny\u00fajtanak \u00e9letteret. Fontos szerepet j\u00e1tszanak a turizmus r\u00e9v\u00e9n sz\u00e1mos k\u00f6z\u00f6ss\u00e9g \u00e9let\u00e9ben. Azonban az emberi tev\u00e9kenys\u00e9g megterheli a korallz\u00e1tonyokat. A n\u00f6vekv\u0151 oldott CO2 koncentr\u00e1ci\u00f3 k\u00f6vetkezt\u00e9ben az \u00f3ce\u00e1nokban t\u00f6rt\u00e9n\u0151 savasod\u00e1s, valamint a felmeleged\u00e9s \u00e9s a szennyez\u00e9sek mind-mind negat\u00edvan befoly\u00e1solj\u00e1k a korallok \u00e9s alg\u00e1k k\u00f6z\u00f6tti szimbi\u00f3zist.<\/p> K\u00fcl\u00f6n\u00f6sen az \u00f3ce\u00e1n h\u0151m\u00e9rs\u00e9klet\u00e9nek n\u00f6veked\u00e9se okozhatja a korallok alg\u00e1inak elveszt\u00e9s\u00e9t. A k\u00f6rnyezeti stressz hat\u00e1s\u00e1ra megszakad ez a k\u00fcl\u00f6nleges kapcsolat az alg\u00e1k \u00e9s korall gazd\u00e1ik k\u00f6z\u00f6tt \u00e9s az alg\u00e1k elhagyj\u00e1k a korallok sz\u00f6veteit. Ezt a jelens\u00e9get korallfeh\u00e9red\u00e9snek h\u00edvj\u00e1k, mert a korall az alga fest\u00e9kanyagainak hi\u00e1ny\u00e1ban k\u00eds\u00e9rtetiesen feh\u00e9r megjelen\u00e9s\u0171. Az alg\u00e1k fotoszint\u00e9zise \u00e1ltal biztos\u00edtott t\u00e1panyagok n\u00e9lk\u00fcl pedig a korall egyszer\u0171en \u00e9hen hal. A h\u00e1tramaradt korallok v\u00e1za id\u0151vel erod\u00e1l\u00f3dik, ami a korallz\u00e1tonyok szerkezet\u00e9nek meg gyeng\u00fcl\u00e9s\u00e9hez vezet.<\/p> A CRISPR \/ Cas rendszer a prokari\u00f3ta egysejt\u0171ek v\u00e9dekez\u00e9si m\u00f3dja a v\u00edrusok ellen; val\u00f3j\u00e1ban egyfajta immunrendszer. A rendszer laborat\u00f3riumban is felhaszn\u00e1lhat\u00f3: a Cas9 enzim \u00e9s a megfelel\u0151 RNS-szakasz sejtbe vitel\u00e9vel, az enzim meghat\u00e1rozott helyen v\u00e1gja el a sejt DNS-\u00e9t, amivel lehet\u0151v\u00e9 v\u00e1lik a g\u00e9nek minden kor\u00e1bbin\u00e1l pontosabb m\u00f3dos\u00edt\u00e1sa.<\/p> 2018-ban a Cleves vezette csapat bemutatta a CRISPR \/ Cas9 g\u00e9nszerkeszt\u0151 els\u0151 haszn\u00e1lat\u00e1t a korallokon. A CRISPR-t g\u00e9nek azonos\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1ra is alkalmazz\u00e1k, ennek k\u00f6sz\u00f6nhet\u0151en a kutat\u00f3csoport azonos\u00edtotta azt a g\u00e9nt, amely a h\u0151sokkfeh\u00e9rj\u00e9t k\u00f3dololja. Ez a g\u00e9n felel\u0151s a korall h\u0151stresszre adott reakci\u00f3j\u00e1nak szab\u00e1lyoz\u00e1s\u00e1\u00e9rt. El\u0151sz\u00f6r a kutat\u00f3csoport tengerir\u00f3zs\u00e1kat vizsg\u00e1lt. A tengeri r\u00f3zs\u00e1k a korallok k\u00f6zeli rokonai, hasonl\u00f3an szimbiotikus kapcsolataik vannak fotoszintetiz\u00e1l\u00f3 alg\u00e1kkal, de gyorsabban n\u0151nek \u00e9s k\u00f6nnyebben tanulm\u00e1nyozhat\u00f3ak, \u00e9ppen ez\u00e9rt megfelel\u0151 modell rendszerei a korall-biol\u00f3gia laborat\u00f3riumi tanulm\u00e1nyoz\u00e1s\u00e1nak. Mindezt kihaszn\u00e1lva azonos\u00edtott\u00e1k az Aitapsia<\/i> tengeri r\u00f3zsa nemzets\u00e9gben ugyanezt a feh\u00e9rj\u00e9t.<\/p> Ennek a felfedez\u00e9snek a felhaszn\u00e1l\u00e1s\u00e1val egy m\u00e1sik, Cleves \u00e1ltal vezetett, kutat\u00f3csoport a CRISPR \/ Cas9 seg\u00edts\u00e9g\u00e9vel k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151 mut\u00e1ci\u00f3kat gener\u00e1lt abba a g\u00e9nbe, amely a h\u0151sokkfeh\u00e9rj\u00e9t k\u00f3dolja az Acropora millepora<\/i> korall fajban. Mindezzel g\u00e1tolt\u00e1k a g\u00e9n m\u0171k\u00f6d\u00e9s\u00e9t, \u00edgy a h\u0151sokkfeh\u00e9rje hi\u00e1ny\u00e1ban a v\u00edz h\u0151m\u00e9rs\u00e9klet\u00e9nek emelked\u00e9s\u00e9vel a korall hamar elpusztult. Ezzel bizonyoss\u00e1got nyert ennek a feh\u00e9rj\u00e9nek fontoss\u00e1ga a korallokban, ugyanis seg\u00edts\u00e9g\u00e9vel javulnak a t\u00fal\u00e9l\u00e9si es\u00e9lyeik a meleged\u0151 k\u00f6rnyezetben.<\/p> „A korallok h\u0151t\u0171r\u00e9s\u00e9nek genetikai befoly\u00e1solts\u00e1ga kulcsfontoss\u00e1g\u00fa ahhoz, hogy meg\u00e9rts\u00fck a korallok term\u00e9szetes reakci\u00f3j\u00e1t a kl\u00edmav\u00e1ltoz\u00e1s hat\u00e1saira. Ez a tud\u00e1s seg\u00edt egyens\u00falyozni az \u00fajszer\u0171 kezel\u00e9si eszk\u00f6z\u00f6k el\u0151nyei, lehet\u0151s\u00e9gei \u00e9s kock\u00e1zatai k\u00f6z\u00f6tt.” \u2013 nyilatkozta Line Bay, az Ausztr\u00e1l Tengerkutat\u00f3 Int\u00e9zet<\/a> a korall\u00e1llom\u00e1ny helyre\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1t c\u00e9lz\u00f3 programj\u00e1nak a vezet\u0151je.<\/p> Cleves hozz\u00e1tette: \u201cEz\u00fattal egy h\u0151t\u0171r\u00e9st befoly\u00e1sol\u00f3 g\u00e9nre \u00f6sszpontos\u00edtottunk, de m\u00e9g sok olyan mechanizmus l\u00e9tezik, amelyeket felt\u00e1rhatunk annak \u00e9rdek\u00e9ben, hogy val\u00f3ban meg\u00e9rts\u00fck a korallok biol\u00f3gi\u00e1j\u00e1t \u00e9s ezeket az ismereteket e fontos k\u00f6z\u00f6ss\u00e9g megment\u00e9s\u00e9ben alkalmazzuk.\u201d<\/p> Tekintettel a korallz\u00e1tonyokat fenyeget\u0151 jelenlegi \u00e9s j\u00f6v\u0151beli vesz\u00e9lyekre, el\u0151fordulhat hogy a j\u00f6v\u0151ben olyan genetikailag \u201ctov\u00e1bbfejlesztett\u201d korallokat hoznak l\u00e9tre a g\u00e9nm\u00f3dos\u00edt\u00e1s seg\u00edts\u00e9g\u00e9vel, amelyek toler\u00e1nsabbak a magas h\u0151m\u00e9rs\u00e9kletre vagy a tengerv\u00edz savasabb k\u00e9mhat\u00e1s\u00e1ra, \u00e9s ezeket telep\u00edtik a korallz\u00e1tonyokba.<\/p> Azonban fontos, hogy ez a m\u00f3dszer csak a kl\u00edmav\u00e1ltoz\u00e1s okozta k\u00e1rok egyik t\u00fcnet\u00e9nek a helyi kezel\u00e9s\u00e9re alkalmas. Nem val\u00f3di megold\u00e1s, de a korallok \u00e9s ezzel a korallz\u00e1tonyok \u00f6kosziszt\u00e9m\u00e1inak, a t\u00fal\u00e9l\u00e9s\u00e9t is seg\u00edtheti. Ennek ellen\u00e9re tov\u00e1bbra is t\u00f6rekedn\u00fcnk kell a val\u00f3di probl\u00e9ma megold\u00e1s\u00e1ra, hogy meg\u00e1ll\u00edtsuk az \u00f3ce\u00e1nok felmeleged\u00e9s\u00e9t, cs\u00f6kkents\u00fck a szennyez\u00e9s m\u00e9rt\u00e9k\u00e9t \u00e9s a t\u00falhal\u00e1szatot.<\/p> Forr\u00e1sok:<\/b><\/p> Carnegie Institution for Science. (2020, December 21). CRISPR helps researchers uncover how corals adjust to warming oceans. ScienceDaily. Retrieved January 2, 2021 from www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2020\/12\/201221134146.htm<\/a>![\"\"](\"https:\/\/milvus.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/O-tehnologie-castigatoare-a-Premiului-Nobel-poate-ajuta-coralii-sa-supravietuiasca-in-oceanele-din-ce-in-ce-mai-calde-3-scaled-1-1024x768.jpg\")
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<\/a><\/figure><\/li>![\"\"](\"https:\/\/milvus.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/O-tehnologie-castigatoare-a-Premiului-Nobel-poate-ajuta-coralii-sa-supravietuiasca-in-oceanele-din-ce-in-ce-mai-calde-2-scaled-1-1024x683.jpg\")
<\/a>![\"\"](\"https:\/\/milvus.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/O-tehnologie-castigatoare-a-Premiului-Nobel-poate-ajuta-coralii-sa-supravietuiasca-in-oceanele-din-ce-in-ce-mai-calde-1-scaled-1-1024x768.jpg\")
<\/a>
Carnegie Institution for Science: https:\/\/carnegiescience.edu\/<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"\u00dajabb \u00edr\u00e1s sz\u00fcletett, egy m\u00e1sik ifj\u00fa nagyk\u00f6vet\u00fcnk, Hajas Annam\u00e1ria toll\u00e1b\u00f3l. A Game on! Ne hagyd, hogy a kl\u00edmav\u00e1ltoz\u00e1s v\u00e9get vessen a j\u00e1t\u00e9knak elnevez\u00e9s\u0171 projekt\u00fcnk olyan lelkes fiatalokat gy\u0171jt\u00f6tt \u00f6ssze, akik sz\u00edv\u00fcgy\u00fcknek tartj\u00e1k a vil\u00e1g sors\u00e1t \u00e9s k\u00e9szek felvenni a harcot a kl\u00edmav\u00e1ltoz\u00e1s ellen.A genetik\u00e1t forradalmas\u00edt\u00f3 CRISPR \/ Cas9 g\u00e9nszerkeszt\u0151 rendszer seg\u00edthet a tud\u00f3soknak meg\u00e9rteni \u00e9s […]","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":27855,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_eb_attr":"","ocean_post_layout":"","ocean_both_sidebars_style":"","ocean_both_sidebars_content_width":0,"ocean_both_sidebars_sidebars_width":0,"ocean_sidebar":"0","ocean_second_sidebar":"0","ocean_disable_margins":"enable","ocean_add_body_class":"","ocean_shortcode_before_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_after_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_before_header":"","ocean_shortcode_after_header":"","ocean_has_shortcode":"","ocean_shortcode_after_title":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_bottom":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_bottom":"","ocean_display_top_bar":"default","ocean_display_header":"default","ocean_header_style":"","ocean_center_header_left_menu":"0","ocean_custom_header_template":"0","ocean_custom_logo":0,"ocean_custom_retina_logo":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_height":0,"ocean_header_custom_menu":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_family":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_subset":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_size":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_unit":"px","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_line_height":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_unit":"","ocean_menu_typo_spacing":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_unit":"","ocean_menu_link_color":"","ocean_menu_link_color_hover":"","ocean_menu_link_color_active":"","ocean_menu_link_background":"","ocean_menu_link_hover_background":"","ocean_menu_link_active_background":"","ocean_menu_social_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_links_color":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_color":"","ocean_disable_title":"default","ocean_disable_heading":"default","ocean_post_title":"","ocean_post_subheading":"","ocean_post_title_style":"","ocean_post_title_background_color":"","ocean_post_title_background":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_image_position":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_attachment":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_repeat":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_size":"","ocean_post_title_height":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay":0.5,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay_color":"","ocean_disable_breadcrumbs":"default","ocean_breadcrumbs_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_separator_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_hover_color":"","ocean_display_footer_widgets":"default","ocean_display_footer_bottom":"default","ocean_custom_footer_template":"0","omw_enable_modal_window":"enable","osh_disable_topbar_sticky":"default","osh_disable_header_sticky":"default","osh_sticky_header_style":"default","osh_sticky_header_effect":"","osh_custom_sticky_logo":0,"osh_custom_retina_sticky_logo":0,"osh_custom_sticky_logo_height":0,"osh_background_color":"","osh_links_color":"","osh_links_hover_color":"","osh_links_active_color":"","osh_links_bg_color":"","osh_links_hover_bg_color":"","osh_links_active_bg_color":"","osh_menu_social_links_color":"","osh_menu_social_hover_links_color":"","ocean_post_oembed":"","ocean_post_self_hosted_media":"","ocean_post_video_embed":"","ocean_link_format":"","ocean_link_format_target":"self","ocean_quote_format":"","ocean_quote_format_link":"post","ocean_gallery_link_images":"off","ocean_gallery_id":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[3873,4018,3797],"class_list":["post-27702","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-hirek","tag-dear-hu","tag-game-on-hu","tag-klimavaltozas","entry","has-media","owp-thumbs-layout-horizontal","owp-btn-normal","owp-tabs-layout-horizontal","has-no-thumbnails","has-product-nav"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/milvus.ro\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/27702","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/milvus.ro\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/milvus.ro\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/milvus.ro\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/milvus.ro\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=27702"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/milvus.ro\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/27702\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":27956,"href":"https:\/\/milvus.ro\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/27702\/revisions\/27956"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/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