{"id":14855,"date":"2013-11-04T20:22:31","date_gmt":"2013-11-04T18:22:31","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/localhost\/2013\/11\/04\/vegleg-eltunik-a-rakosi-vipera\/"},"modified":"2013-11-04T20:22:31","modified_gmt":"2013-11-04T20:22:31","slug":"sa-fie-oare-acesta-sfarsitul-pentru-vipera-de-faneata","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/milvus.ro\/hu\/sa-fie-oare-acesta-sfarsitul-pentru-vipera-de-faneata\/","title":{"rendered":"V\u00e9gleg elt\u0171nik a r\u00e1kosi vipera?"},"content":{"rendered":"\"DSC_3410\"<\/a>Az id\u0151k folyam\u00e1n sok csap\u00e1s \u00e9rte a r\u00e1kosi vipera (Vipera ursinii rakosiensis<\/i>) \u00e1llom\u00e1nyait. Ezt a k\u00edgy\u00f3t, mint \u00e1ltal\u00e1ban a k\u00edgy\u00f3kat, sokan t\u00e9vesen vesz\u00e9lyesnek tekintett\u00e9k, befogt\u00e1k \u00e9s h\u00e1zi kedvenck\u00e9nt \u00e1rus\u00edtott\u00e1k, vagy a mez\u0151gazdas\u00e1gi vegyszerek m\u00e9rgez\u00e9s\u00e9nek tett\u00e9k ki. Az egykor sz\u00e9les elterjed\u00e9ssel rendelkez\u0151 alfaj \u00e9l\u0151helyeit fokozatosan megsemmis\u00edtett\u00e9k, a gyepek besz\u00e1nt\u00e1s\u00e1val, fel\u00e9get\u00e9s\u00e9vel, illetve t\u00fallegeltet\u00e9s\u00e9vel dr\u00e1maian lecs\u00f6kkentve a r\u00e1kosi vipera \u00e9l\u0151hely\u00e9t.\n\nJelenleg Eur\u00f3pa legvesz\u00e9lyeztetettebb k\u00edgy\u00f3faja, melynek a term\u00e9szetv\u00e9delmi t\u00f6rv\u00e9nykez\u00e9sek ellen\u00e9re is hanyatl\u00f3ban vannak a popul\u00e1ci\u00f3i. Rom\u00e1ni\u00e1ban n\u00e9gy ismert \u00e9l\u0151helye l\u00e9tezik, ezek k\u00f6z\u00fcl h\u00e1rmat nemr\u00e9g herpetol\u00f3gusok\u00a0fedeztek fel illetve jeleztek \u00fajra. Ezek a ter\u00fcletek Kolozs \u00e9s Feh\u00e9r megyei sztyeppr\u00e9teken <\/b>tal\u00e1lhat\u00f3k. K\u00f6z\u00fcl\u00fck h\u00e1rom Natura 2000-es ter\u00fcleteken fekszik, a negyediket pedig v\u00e9dett ter\u00fcletnek javasolt\u00e1k a szakemberek.\nA legnagyobb ezek k\u00f6z\u00fcl a Feh\u00e9r megyei Paji\u0219tile lui Suciu, a 200 hekt\u00e1ros ter\u00fclet kb. 300-400 r\u00e1kosi viper\u00e1nak biztos\u00edt \u00e9l\u0151helyet. A legkisebb ter\u00fclet ugyancsak Feh\u00e9r megy\u00e9ben tal\u00e1lhat\u00f3, a Paji\u0219tile de la R\u0103de\u0219ti k\u00f6r\u00fclbel\u00fcl 35 hekt\u00e1ros ter\u00fclet\u00e9n eddig csak k\u00e9t viper\u00e1t tal\u00e1ltak.\n\n\"P1100417\"<\/a>Ez esetben a Natura 2000 h\u00e1l\u00f3zat sajnos nem l\u00e1tja el megfelel\u0151 v\u00e9delemmel a viper\u00e1kat, ezek az utols\u00f3 v\u00e9dett ter\u00fcletek fokozatosan mennek t\u00f6nkre, a kihal\u00e1s sz\u00e9l\u00e9re sodorva a r\u00e1kosi viper\u00e1t. E hanyatl\u00e1s egyik oka \u00e9rdekes m\u00f3don a mez\u0151gazdas\u00e1gi tev\u00e9kenys\u00e9gek b\u00fcrokratikus alapjaira vezethet\u0151 vissza. Az 1970-es \u00e9vekben Ceau\u0219escu a hat\u00e9konyabb mez\u0151gazdas\u00e1gi termel\u00e9s \u00e9rdek\u00e9ben a nagy kiterjed\u00e9s\u0171 gyepeket sz\u00e1nt\u00f3f\u00f6ldekk\u00e9 nyilv\u00e1n\u00edtotta. A kijel\u00f6lt ter\u00fcletek t\u00f6bbs\u00e9g\u00e9t hamarosan besz\u00e1ntott\u00e1k \u00e9s \u00a0bevetett\u00e9k, hogy majd p\u00e1r \u00e9vvel k\u00e9s\u0151bb bizonyos ter\u00fcleteken felhagyj\u00e1k a mez\u0151gazdas\u00e1got a gyenge talajmin\u0151s\u00e9g illetve a szeg\u00e9nyes mez\u0151gazdas\u00e1gi felszerelts\u00e9g miatt. Jelenleg ezek a felhagyott ter\u00fcletek k\u00e9pezik a r\u00e1kosi vipera \u00e9l\u0151helyek\u00e9nt szolg\u00e1l\u00f3 m\u00e1sodlagos gyepeket. N\u00e9h\u00e1ny esetben azonban nem t\u00f6rt\u00e9nt besz\u00e1nt\u00e1s. A megrov\u00e1st\u00f3l tart\u00f3 helyi k\u00f6zigazgat\u00e1sok viszont ugyan\u00fagy sz\u00e1nt\u00f3f\u00f6ldk\u00e9nt jelentett\u00e9k be ezeket. Jelenleg a fent eml\u00edtett kateg\u00f3ri\u00e1kat sz\u00e1nt\u00f3f\u00f6ldk\u00e9nt k\u00f6nyvelik el. Emiatt, ak\u00e1r a Natura 2000-es ter\u00fcleteken is, a f\u00f6ldtulajdonosok akaratuk szerint t\u00f6rv\u00e9nyesen sz\u00e1nt\u00f3f\u00f6ldekk\u00e9nt haszn\u00e1lhatj\u00e1k a soha fel nem sz\u00e1ntott gyepeket \u00e9s a j\u00f3l be\u00e1llt m\u00e1sodlagos gyepeket is, \u00e9s ez\u00e9rt a kategoriz\u00e1l\u00e1si csal\u00e1s\u00e9rt vagy mulaszt\u00e1s\u00e9rt m\u00e9g az agr\u00e1r-k\u00f6rnyezetv\u00e9delmi t\u00e1mogat\u00e1sokat is megkaphatj\u00e1k. A jelenlegi mez\u0151gazdas\u00e1gi fellend\u00fcl\u00e9sben \u00edgy darabol\u00f3dnak fel \u00e9s semmis\u00fclnek meg a viper\u00e1k \u00e9l\u0151helyei.\n\n\"DSC_0073\"<\/a>Ahol nem t\u00f6rt\u00e9nt besz\u00e1nt\u00e1s \u00e9s a ter\u00fcletek legel\u0151k maradtak, ott majdnem hasonl\u00f3 m\u00e9rt\u00e9kben t\u0171nnek el a vipera j\u00f3 \u00e9l\u0151helyei, \u00e9spedig a t\u00fallegeltet\u00e9s miatt. A l\u00e9tez\u0151 agr\u00e1r-k\u00f6rnyezetv\u00e9delmi csomagok is okoz\u00f3i r\u00e9szben ennek a helyzetnek. A magas term\u00e9szeti \u00e9rt\u00e9k\u0171 gyepek fenntart\u00e1s\u00e1ra aj\u00e1nlott \u00f6sszegek sajnos nem \u00e9rnek fel az intenz\u00edv, t\u00f6bb \u00e1llattal val\u00f3 legeltet\u00e9sb\u0151l sz\u00fclet\u0151 nyeres\u00e9ggel \u2013a sz\u00e1nt\u00f3f\u00f6ldek term\u00e9nyeinek elad\u00e1s\u00e1b\u00f3l ad\u00f3d\u00f3 nyeres\u00e9ggel meg v\u00e9gk\u00e9pp nem. \u00c9s mivel ezek a csomagok csak \u00f6nk\u00e9ntes jelleg\u0171ek, a gazd\u00e1k azt v\u00e1lasztj\u00e1k, ami nekik megfelel \u00e9s csak ritk\u00e1n azt, ami pl. a viper\u00e1nak is j\u00f3 lenne. Pedig a r\u00e1kosi vipera egyike azon kev\u00e9s eur\u00f3pai k\u00edgy\u00f3fajoknak, amelyek kifejezetten rovarokkal t\u00e1pl\u00e1lkoznak \u00e9s emiatt magas biodiverzit\u00e1ssal rendelkez\u0151 gyepekre van sz\u00fcks\u00e9g\u00fck, \u00edgy teh\u00e1t m\u00e9g ideiglenesen sem tud fennmaradni a kedvez\u0151tlen, t\u00fallegeltetett gyepeken.\n\n\"DSC_0102\"<\/a>\u00d6sszegezve, a helyzet szomor\u00fa ir\u00f3ni\u00e1ja az, hogy b\u00e1r jelenleg a r\u00e1kosi vipera \u00e1llom\u00e1nyai egyre magasabb szint\u0171 tudom\u00e1nyos monitoroz\u00e1sban \u00e9s v\u00e9delmi int\u00e9zked\u00e9sekben r\u00e9szes\u00fclnek Eur\u00f3pa szinten, Rom\u00e1ni\u00e1ban az alfaj lassan a kihal\u00e1s sz\u00e9l\u00e9re ker\u00fcl. A Natura 2000-es v\u00e9delem nem jelent semmit, amennyiben nincs megfelel\u0151en \u00e9rv\u00e9nyre juttatva, \u00e9s am\u00edg az eg\u00e9szs\u00e9ges term\u00e9szetes gyepek fogalma szinte egybe esik az intenz\u00edv gyepgazd\u00e1lkod\u00e1s fogalm\u00e1val.\n\n\"DSC_9141\"<\/a>Mindez megv\u00e1ltoztathat\u00f3. Hasonl\u00f3 p\u00e9lda volt m\u00e1r r\u00e1 a Paji\u0219tile lui Suciu ter\u00fcleten, ahol Rom\u00e1nia leger\u0151sebb r\u00e1kosi vipera \u00e1llom\u00e1ny\u00e1nak \u00e9l\u0151hely\u00e9t akart\u00e1k r\u00e9szben felt\u00f6rni \u00e9s kukoricaf\u00f6ldd\u00e9 illetve marhalegel\u0151v\u00e9 alak\u00edtani (ironikus m\u00f3don \u00e9pp az EU-s t\u00e1mogat\u00e1sok seg\u00edts\u00e9g\u00e9vel). Mindez azonban elker\u00fclhet\u0151 volt a Rom\u00e1n Herpetol\u00f3giai T\u00e1rsas\u00e1g <\/i><\/b>er\u0151s tiltakoz\u00e1s\u00e1val \u00e9s a gyep nagyj\u00e1b\u00f3l \u00e9ps\u00e9gben maradt, hogy tov\u00e1bb biztos\u00edtsa a r\u00e1kosi vipera fennmarad\u00e1s\u00e1t.\n\nAhhoz, hogy meg\u00e1ll\u00edtsuk a faj popul\u00e1ci\u00f3j\u00e1nak tov\u00e1bbi cs\u00f6kken\u00e9s\u00e9t, egy \u00e1tfog\u00f3 fajv\u00e9delmi tervre van sz\u00fcks\u00e9g\u00fcnk. Ehhez az \u00e9rintett Natura 2000 ter\u00fcletek kezel\u00e9si terv\u00e9t \u00fagy kell kialak\u00edtani (\u00e9s gyakorlatba \u00fcltetni), hogy a ter\u00fclettulajdonosoknak meg\u00e9rje akt\u00edvan r\u00e9szt venni a gyepek v\u00e9delm\u00e9ben. Ugyanakkor a gyepek t\u00f6rv\u00e9ny \u00e1ltali v\u00e9delme \u00e9rdek\u00e9ben sz\u00fcks\u00e9ges a ter\u00fclethaszn\u00e1lati t\u00edpusok miel\u0151bbi megfelel\u0151 kategoriz\u00e1l\u00e1sa.\n\nHa mindezt siker\u00fcl el\u00e9rni, akkor es\u00e9ly van arra, hogy a r\u00e1kosi vipera popul\u00e1ci\u00f3 feler\u0151s\u00f6dj\u00f6n \u00e9s ak\u00e1r ki is b\u0151v\u00fclj\u00f6n.\u00a0 Ellent\u00e9tes esetben a r\u00e1kosi vipera j\u00f6v\u0151je tov\u00e1bbra is bizonytalan marad.","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Az id\u0151k folyam\u00e1n sok csap\u00e1s \u00e9rte a r\u00e1kosi vipera (Vipera ursinii rakosiensis) \u00e1llom\u00e1nyait. Ezt a k\u00edgy\u00f3t, mint \u00e1ltal\u00e1ban a k\u00edgy\u00f3kat, sokan t\u00e9vesen vesz\u00e9lyesnek tekintett\u00e9k, befogt\u00e1k \u00e9s h\u00e1zi kedvenck\u00e9nt \u00e1rus\u00edtott\u00e1k, vagy a mez\u0151gazdas\u00e1gi vegyszerek m\u00e9rgez\u00e9s\u00e9nek tett\u00e9k ki. Az egykor sz\u00e9les elterjed\u00e9ssel rendelkez\u0151 alfaj \u00e9l\u0151helyeit fokozatosan megsemmis\u00edtett\u00e9k, a gyepek besz\u00e1nt\u00e1s\u00e1val, fel\u00e9get\u00e9s\u00e9vel, illetve t\u00fallegeltet\u00e9s\u00e9vel dr\u00e1maian lecs\u00f6kkentve a r\u00e1kosi 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